Sunday, December 29, 2019

Why Marriage Is Important - 1004 Words

Defining Marriage â€Å"You’re going to regret it†, â€Å"Are you sure you’re ready?†, â€Å"Don’t do it!† These are a couple phrases used by family members or close family friends daily when speaking to an engaged couple soon to be married. Yes, various amounts of congrats are given however more than often marriage is referred to as a negative word and sparks up negative thoughts and conversations. Why marriage in today’s society viewed as a negative act? It is well known that not all marriages are â€Å"happily† married and others do not last. Divorce is now the easy way out and society is opting for it more often now than trying to make the marriage work. â€Å"The American divorce rate is nearly twice what it was in 1960† (Why marriage matters: Facts and figures). Society has forgotten the real reason for marriage and therefore, many will not last â€Å"until death do them part†. However marriage is meant to be based on love, tr ustworthiness, and friendship. Without these specific, and many more, principals marriage will not last a lifetime as though it should. A connection, a bond, a commitment, a pledge. Promising eternal love is more than just a contract it is a vow, or a word of honor, it is being spiritually connected with one’s self and their partner. One must understand that the meaning of marriage is much more than what meets the eye, but a beautiful life changing journey. Dictionaries exist to give meaning to our lives, meanings of words that we do not know, understand, or comprehend. WhenShow MoreRelatedWhy Marriage Is Important For Today s World And How The Church880 Words   |  4 Pagesinto the church. Yes marriage is important to some people and I think that there is no issue in redefining what marriage and what it should be, it shouldn’t be wrong for people who love each other not to get married and why should other people have a say in it. If it doesn’t mess with you or harm you in any way, why should you say they can’t get married just because you don’t like the idea of same-sex couples? The reason most people don t like the idea of same-sex marriage is because of in (genesisRead MoreIs Marriage A Defunct Proposition?1501 Words   |  7 PagesIs Marriage a Defunct Proposition? We now live in a time where most people think that marriage is no longer important and that it has no meaning anymore. If that was really the case, then we need to ask the question why so many people still choose to get married. In the essay â€Å"The case against marriage†, by Jessica Bennett and Jesse Ellison, the authors mistakenly argue that marriage is a defunct proposition. The authors argue that marriage is a broken institution, it does not make sense anymoreRead MoreDivorce Is More Popular Than Marriage868 Words   |  4 Pagespopular than marriage. As soon as you say,† I do,† the odds are not in your favor. One in two couples do not survive, they get divorced. Society is in a downward spiral with making a marriage last. We have become quitters; when times get hard we quit. The small things are the most important in a marriage. There are easy ways to make a marriage last. Having a healthy sexual relationship is vital for any marriage. Remembering the re ason why you got married to begin with is important in a marriage. ThereRead MoreGod Hates Same Sex Marriage Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages Marriage is a precious gift given from the good lord up above. Marriage is a privilege that should be allowed to only a man and a woman. In the bible there are many scriptures that back up my opinion on marriage, and none of the scriptures say same sex marriage is okay. In this modern day and age people are altering the definition of marriage. People are trying to add between a man and a man or between a woman and a woman. The importance of my topic is to keep the original definitionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal All Over627 Words   |  3 PagesIn May 2013, a Gallup poll showed that 53% of Americans support same sex marriage (â€Å"Gay† 3). Same sex marriage has been legalized in 17 US States and the District of Columbia. 33 states have laws and or constitution amendments that ban the marriage of two people tha t share the same gender (5). Same sex marriage has been in a debate going on in our country for a while. By legalizing same sex marriage in all states, there will be an increase in adoptions, a financial increase and help the mental andRead MoreArranged Marriage : The Union Between Two People For Better And Worse1724 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 2014 Arranged marriage Marriage is known as the union between two people for better and worse where they both love and respect each other. So what should be the right definition for arranged marriage? Simply arranged marriage is defined as, a traditional marriage that is arranged by the families of the bride and groom where both of them give their consent to be married. This type of marriage is quite common in Muslim communities, royal families (Diplomatic Marriages) and some countries likeRead MoreWhat Makes A Marriage A Strong Foundation?1292 Words   |  6 Pageschose soul mates for their children. A long time ago affection was uncommon in most marriages; the marriages of the day were primarily economic arrangements.† By the sixteenth hundredth courtly love had change to have sexual involvement between the lady of nobility and her paramour. Sixteen and seventeen hundredth is when people started to value romantic love but still valued to be faithful to save oneself until marriage. Seventeen and eighteen hundreds parent setup and romantic love were competing sideRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legalized Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesCould you imagine if you had met the ideal person you wished to share your entire life with but the law would not allow you to? That is the position that many homosexual Australians have been in since the settlement of this country. Same sex marriage is currently not allowed in Australia but I and a proven 60% of other Australians strongly believe it should be. Gay people pay taxes, serve in the military, participate in the workforce, are our neighbors, friends and family.   Logic and decency wouldRead MoreThe Change Of A Formal Business Agreement Between Two Families1263 Words   |  6 Pages Over the past century, there have been many changes in the way society views marriage. What was once a formal business agreement between two families, is now a symbol of romantic involvement or social achievement. While these changes have been beneficial for the most part, some very important aspects of marriage have been lost in the process; leaving society with a fragile version of the strong union marriage should be. As a result, divorce has become a common and generally accepted ending toRead MoreMarriage Admission Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesHow to and Why Conform to Marital Submission? An intellect for what is expected in marriage is important; but, a meaningful interpretation of how to apply principle is equally important, and the most profound aspect of marriage is why meeting the requirements necessary. Many couples are striving to improve the condition of an existing marriage; however, it is a valid reason for conforming. The origins of a relationship vary, but, each person is different and contributes differently. The distinctiveness

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Regeneration Analysis the Relationship of Rivers to One...

Consider the relationship of Rivers to one of his patients (e.g., Prior, Burns, Sassoon). What challenges does the patient present to Rivers and does Rivers overcome those challenges? As Rivers is a psychiatrist at Craiglockhart, his perceptions of the world are altered by the patients that he treats. Characters such as Prior, Burns and Anderson influence the doctor, but the person who changes Rivers the most is Sassoon, the author of the declaration. Sassoon challenges Rivers on a personal level, changing his viewpoint towards the conduct of the war and its effects on individual conscience. At the beginning, the relationship between Sassoon and Rivers is challenging, but later results in a friendship. Before meeting Sassoon, Rivers†¦show more content†¦Rivers worries that if he survives, he would not be able to avoid a real nervous breakdown. Rivers admits that even though his job is to change the soldiers minds and persuade them to fight, Sassoon has changed himself without the intention of doing so. A great change takes place in Rivers soul. He realizes that all of his previous attempts to become more extroverted and sociable person did not work out, since they were introverted. Rivers evidently needs to spend some time with friends and think less about himself. He finds these friends in the face of Sassoon, Burns, Prior and the other patients of Craiglockhart. As a consequence, the desired change takes place in Rivers character. Rivers remembers that in his youth he had been conservative in his personality and has performed what was expected of him. Now, though, he has become a more outspoken person and begins to think that the government has not solved all the issues involved in the conduct of the war. He hints that he may defy the system himself, believing that the rebellion of the old might count for rather more than the rebellion of the young. The realization that the declaration of Sassoon had not made an observable change upsets Rivers. He hopes that one day Sassoon s beliefs would make a difference. Again, Rivers becomes sad, when he realizes that he has not actually helped his friend. Back on the front, Sassoon wouldShow MoreRelatedSex and Dominance in The Ghost Road Essay3936 Words   |  16 Pageslascivious, bisexual Billy Prior once remarks:   Whole bloody western fronts a wankers paradise, a statement with far-reaching implications concerning aggression and eroticism (Barker 177).   The novel concludes a successful trilogy, beginning with Regeneration (1991) and The Eye in the Door (1993).   Winner of the prestigi ous Booker Prize Award in 1995, The Ghost Road delves into many standard Booker motifs, such as war, the British class system, memory, and childhood, but Barker revitalizes these wornRead MoreAn Assessment of the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Nigerian Society: the Examples of Banking and Communication Industries18990 Words   |  76 Pagessources, relying heavily on the relevant information available from both banking and communication sectors, and other sources. Tests were conducted using both regression and correlation analysis. The regression result reveals a strong and significant relationship between CSR and Societal Progress such that the relationship between CSR and Societal Progress is statistically significant. It is thus conclusion that CSR plays a significant role in Societal Progressiveness in terms of environmental and economicRead MoreOrganic Food8071 Words   |  33 Pagesproblems was seldom recognized until the problems became too big to ignore. In the 1930s there was a reaction against the use of chemical additives in people’s food. It was led, in part, by Rudolf Steiner who also designed an educational system based on his holistic and sustainable outlook. These early organic farmers and foodies laid the foundations for today’s interest in sustainable lifestyles. Now, organic food is widely available and has become very popular, with soaring sales. Principles of OrganicRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagespage intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor:Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestraditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorousRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pages The University of Dayton E. Wainright Martin Kelley School of Business, Indiana University William C. Perkins Kelley School of Business, Indiana University Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen AVP/Executive Editor: Bob Horan Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesappropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data HartleyRead MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words   |  74 PagesSociology of Law is an attempt at scientific analysis of the conditions under w/c criminal laws develop and w/c is seldom included in the book of criminology. 2. Criminal Etiology is an attempt of scientific analysis of the causes of crimes. 3. Penology is concerned with the control of crime. THE CONCEPT OF PENALTY Penalty in its general sense signifies pain; in the judicial sphere, it means suffering undergone, because of the action of society, to one who commits a crime. The very purpose or reasonRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagescentury c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial

Friday, December 13, 2019

How is Brutus portrayed as a tragic hero Free Essays

Throughout the works of Shakespeare, tragedy has always been a vital foundation and a key to his immense successes. His fine mastery of the art became legendary amongst the audiences that watched his various plays. Romeo and Juliet is a prime example of the tragedy he could combine into a stage performance. We will write a custom essay sample on How is Brutus portrayed as a tragic hero? or any similar topic only for you Order Now An Irish poet named Oscar Wilde who was a novelist, dramatist and critic in the late eighteen hundreds once wrote, â€Å"There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. This has an exact correlation to the play Julius Caesar where the tragedy lies in the greed of a man who wants too much. This particular play is based entirely upon dreadful choices leading to demise. The character Brutus in particular is a key personality to the structure of the play in his fall from honour. Being a man of utmost glory and loyalty becomes his biggest weakness. In Act 1 Scene 2 we are presented with the pressure that Cassius weighs upon Brutus’ mind. In lines 79-80 the truth of Brutus’ troubles become clear. In the heat of conversation he says â€Å"What means this shouting? I do fear the people choose Caesar for their king†. This is the turning point in the play as the stepping stones begin to fall in place and Brutus reveals to the viewers his deep down uncertainty to the decision of Caesar being crowned emperor. Cassius is a very influential force in the corruption of Brutus. The real change of heart for Brutus arrives in Act 2 Scene 1 when he receives the letter (lines 46-47). The play begins to see him question his values and reasons. The true torment of all he has lived for, the honour he based his life upon becomes clear and treachery looms close by. Though the letter is simple and only two lines, it sparks the questions needed to be raised in order to get beneath the unwavering loyalties that he is shown to carry. In the lines that read, â€Å"Brutus, thou sleep’st: awake’. Such instigations have often been dropp’d where I have took them up† (lines 48-49), and, â€Å"Shall Rome stand under one man’s awe? What Rome? † (line 52), it is apparent that the few words the letter carried have created doubt in Brutus’ mind. The fact that Brutus is so appealing to the audience is a mixture of emotions stirred within each person watching the play. It is comprehendible and probable that Shakespeare’s ambition was to connect this character to the everyday temptations and conscientious objecting that every person goes through. Although this has been extremely dramatised, people can familiarise with Brutus’ predicament as they have at least once in their lives faced a temptation for which they have most probably given in to. In Act 1 Scene 2, lines 82-89 it provides the loose fibre in the strength of Brutus’ loyalty, but also shows the torment inside of this character facing the brutal reality of his own thoughts and feelings, a classic example being, â€Å"I would not, Cassius; yet I love him well†. It presents the fractured reasoning of the human mind; the inability to come to a threatening conclusion against all that has been previously believed, a sympathy that everyone has subconsciously acquired through a relation to their own similar experiences. The flaw in the character of Brutus is his own deep thirst for honour. Though this is important in order for the play’s theme to coincide with the historical Roman context, it is also a weakness inside the characters personality that was intentionally added to bring the play to a rise in calamity. The character Cassius uses this weakness to an advantage. The deceitful cunning that the he possesses alone pushes Brutus into seeing a whole different side to his own glory. He begins to build a frame for his motives and starts to press upon himself a false story of the higher nobility. This is entirely proven in the eulogy he gives at Caesar’s funeral. He speaks of himself in such a manner that he even fools himself into believing he’s done nothing wrong, specifically shown in Act 3 Scene 2, lines 20-28 where it says, â€Å"If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more†. This signifies the fact that Brutus is completely tricked into thinking he did the right thing. Although being far more intelligent than to believe that Cassius is truly trying to bring Rome to justice, he starts to consider the possibility that the treacherous character may have a point. Once again Act 2 Scene 1, line 52 comes into play where he sees a different light on Caesar. Instead of seeing him as a proud but honest ruler, he looks upon him with the eye of Cassius and sees an over ambitious ruler with a hunger for power. This weakness was a calculated imperfection on the part of Shakespeare. It is evident that his goal was to produce the suitable factor to manipulate in order to make Brutus a tragic hero and effectively utilise that status to get the audiences emotionally involved in the play. To finalise Brutus’ â€Å"tragic hero† status, the last component was to have the character die a dramatic death. As most people in Shakespeare’s lifetime where in the age where they began to appreciate the lifestyles and arts of Ancient Rome, they were well aware of the battle standards and were all to familiar with the classic death on the battle field when a soldier lost his honour. So it was only justice to have Brutus follow the same fate at the end of the play in order to hit home on the audiences’ interests. The clarity of Brutus’ misconduct becomes obvious to him when he sees the blood spilt on his behalf and realises the end is near, presented in Act 5 Scene 5, lines 1-51, especially in the line where it says, â€Å"Sit thee down, Clitus. Slaying is the word; it is a deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus. † (lines 4-5). With this consequence, the audience will be in a deep sympathy because by this stage they have grown to like this character and feel sorry for his poor decisions if Shakespeare’s methods are convincing and will be enthralled in the drama of his exit, admiring the characters honour even after his descent from valour. In conclusion, the character Brutus is shown as a tragic hero due to a range of reasons. If Shakespeare’s in depth and intelligent understanding of sympathy and personal familiarities wasn’t shown through the play then the audience would not feel the same emotions and therefore would not have experienced the sorrows or have empathized with Brutus’ predicaments that he got himself into. Shakespeare plays on the audience’s personal tragedies and faults by adding a character mislead by treachery and blinded with the pursuit of an honour that was false from the start. If the audience was not moved by the play, then the character would become wooden and the effect would be obsolete. Brutus’ human faults of being vulnerable to deceit and cunning are what make this character so lifelike. The tragedy of this deluded character killing himself at the end of a series of bad consequences brought forth by deception is what makes him such a ‘tragic hero’. How to cite How is Brutus portrayed as a tragic hero?, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Treitel on the Law of Contract

Question: Discuss about the Treitel on the Law of Contract. Answer: Introduction: The issue in this case is if Jack has an enforceable agreement when Jane made a promise to give her sports car to Jack. The issue in this case deals with the need for consideration to support a promise made in an agreement. In contract law, consideration has been described as the exchange of something that has some value with the other. In a contract there are six elements that have to be present so that a contract can be termed as legally enforceable and consideration is one of them. The effect of this situation is that without the presence of consideration, a contract is not valid and as a result, it cannot be enforced in a court of law (Atiyah, 2000). The requirement is that the consideration should be legally sufficient and the party receiving it should have bargained for it. Consideration can be in the form of money or in the form of a promise to do or refrain from doing something. Past consideration is not valid (Re McArdle, 1951). In the present case, although Jane had made to promise to give her sports car to Jack but Jack has not provided any consideration in return of this promise. Hence it can be said that consideration is not present in this agreement and consequently, it is not enforceable by Jack In this question, it has to be seen if a valid contract has been created between Jack and Jane and if the promise made by Jane is legally enforceable. For this purpose, it has to be considered if the basic requirements that are necessary for creating a valid contract are present in this case or not. It needs to be noted in this context that a contract is much more than simply an agreement between two parties. In this regard, the law of contract provides that an agreement becomes a contract and is therefore legally enforceable only if the six elements that are treated as necessary for the formation of a valid contract are present (Beatson, Burrows and Cartwright, 2010). Therefore if the following elements are present in an agreement, namely offer, acceptance, consideration, intention of the parties to enter into legal relationship, capacity of the parties and the legality of the terms and conditions of the agreement. In this case, according to the agreement between Jane and Jack, Jane is going to give her sports car to Jack for $25,000. This is also the actual market value of the car. The offer is accepted by Jack. Under these circumstances, it can be said that the elements required for creating a legally enforceable contract are present in this case. Jean made an offer, which was accepted by Jack and consideration is also present. Therefore, Jack has an enforceable agreement. In this question, an offer has been made by Jane to sell her sports car for $2500 to Jack. This offer is accepted by Jack. However, the market value of the car is merely $25,000. Under the circumstances, it has to be considered if a legal agreement is present between the parties, particularly keeping in view the extremely low price of the car decided by the parties. It has to be seen if adequate consideration is present or if the lack of adequate consideration will have any impact on the validity of the agreement between Jane and Jack. In this case, one of the basic principles of the law contract related with consideration has to be applied. Therefore in order to deal with such a situation, it has been provided by the law contract that consideration needs to be sufficient but the law does not require that the consideration should also be adequate (Collins, 2003). The law does not require the consideration supplied by the parties to support the promise should be the same as the market value of the thing. The law only requires that the consideration should be something real or in other words it should be something of value (Chappell v Nestle, 1960). The result is that even the price of $1 can be considered as adequate for a large house. In this way, it has been clearly provided that the courts do not go into the question if a good or a bad bargain has been made by the parties under the contract. Although generally, the words adequacy and sufficiency are considered as having the same meaning but under the law contract, adequacy is the term that is used for referring to the circumstances where the price paid by a party to the contract is disproportionate to the value of the thing that has been received by the party in return. It is up to the parties to decide what they considered as the adequate consideration for the promise made by them. As a result, the inadequacy of the consideration does not have an impact on the validity of the contract made by the parties. Therefore it a bona fide consideration is present in a contract, the court will not minute please scrutinize it for the purpose of seeing if full and ample consideration has been provided or not. Therefore, the general rule provides that it is not necessary that the consideration should be adequate and the only requirement is that the consideration should be sufficient. A sufficient consideration is the consideration t hat has some value in the eyes of law. The result is that the things like natural love and affection and morality are not considered as sufficient consideration. In this case, although adequate consideration is not present but there is sufficient consideration present to support the promise made by Jane. The result is that Jack has an enforceable agreement. In this question, it has to be seen if the promise made by the buyer to pay extra US $3 million is legally enforceable or if the buyer can recover this amount from the shipbuilder. For this purpose, the rules of the law contract with even consideration have to be applied. As mentioned above, consideration can be described as an exchange of something for creating a valid contract. The effect of this requirement is that the gratuitous promises not enforceable under the law. The traditional rule was that the performance of an existing duty did not amount to a good consideration for the new promise to pay any extra benefits (McKendrick, 2009). But with the president time, this rule has gone under certain changes. According to the existing duty rule, the performance of pre-existing duty is not a good consideration for any variation in the contract, to provide an extra benefit. When the promisee is only performing its legal duty under pre-existing contract, such a performance cannot be con sidered as a good consideration. When the parties to the contract have already agreed to do something under contract, the law provides that the terms of the contract cannot be changed without providing a new consideration. Or in other words, it can be said that when the promisee has already done something under a contractual duty, the promisee cannot be allowed to demand an additional benefit (Peel and Treitel, 2011). This rule has been based on the decision given by the court in Stilk v Myrick (1809). This case represents the traditional approach towards the existing duty rule. In this case, the plaintiff Stilk was an employee of the shipowner Myrick to work on the ship in accordance with the contract. According to this contract, Stilk was to be paid 5 pounds per month by Myrick for the time the ship remained in sea. However, during the voyage two of the crew members deserted the ship. As the replacement for these two crewmembers could not be found, a promise was made by Myrick that the remaining crew members will be given the wages of the two deserters if they also fulfill the duties of the two deserting crewmembers along with their own duties. But after arriving at the London port, Myrick refused to pay the extra wages to the remaining crew members. Under these circumstances, Stilk sued Myrick for this amount. Therefore the issue that had to be decided by the court in this case was if the rest of the crew members of the ship would enforce the promise that the wages of the two deserters will be paid to them. On behalf of the plaintiff, it was argued that the defendant had made the promise to pay the extra wages to them in return of the additional labor. But in reply, it was stated by the defendant that the crew had not provided any consideration in return of the new promise as the crew members are already under a duty to ensure that the ship makes it back to the home port in accordance with the original contract. It has been mentioned by the pre-existing rule that once the parties to the contract had agreed to do something, the terms of such a contract cannot be altered without providing a fresh consideration. In this case, it was stated by the court that the remaining crew members were not entitled get the wages of the two deserters and the promise was not enforceable. But the situation was changed significantly with the decision given by the court in Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (1990). In this case, the practical benefit rule was developed by the court. At the same time, this case also shows that a new approach has been adopted by the course regarding the existing duty rule. The brief facts of this case are that there was an agreement between building contractors and the house owner according to which, 37 flats. The contractor made another sub-contract with the carpenter Williams. According to this contract, the dependent contractors have made a promise to pay the amount of 20,000 in installments. However, after some work has been done, Williams was paid by the defendant a sum of 16,200. But at this time, Williams started to face financial problems and could not complete the work on time. According to them, the price agreed individual contract was too low. The defendant made a promise that there will pay an extra amount of 575 for each lap co mpleted on time in order to avoid the breach of contract with the house owner. But later on, the defendants refused to pay this extra money to Williams. As a result, the issue in this case was if by performing an existing duty, it can be said that a valid consideration has been supplied. The decision of the court in this case was that the defendants were under a legal obligation to pay the extra amount to Williams as good consideration has been supplied by the plaintiff. The court noted the fact that as a result of the new promise, the defendants were going to enjoy the practical benefits. Firstly, the defendants will not have to spend their time and money on finding another carpenter complete the job. At the same time, the defendants will be able to avoid the payment of a penalty for delay as mentioned in the contract with the house owner. Therefore the court stated that entry of these benefits, it can be said that good consideration has been provided regarding the new promise. As it has been agreed between the parties that the previous price was too low, therefore the price was raised to a reasonable level. Hence the new promise was legally enforceable. When the above mentioned in your position is applied to the facts of these case, it can be said that the shipbuilders had entered into a contract for building a tanker for North Ocean Tankers. However as a result of the devaluation of the US currency by 10 percent, the shipbuilder is going to suffer a loss under the contract. As a result, the shipbuilders demanded the payment of an additional amount of US $3 million otherwise they will not complete the work. On the other hand, the buyer already had a charter for the tanker. Therefore it was very important that the tanker was delivered on time. In order to avoid the loss, the buyer reluctantly agreed to pay this extra amount. However, now the buyer wants to know if action can be initiated for recovering this extra amount. On the basis of the above mentioned rules of law, it can be said that the promise made by the buyer to pay extra money for the completion of the tanker on time was supported by the consideration supplied by the shipb uilders in the form of the delivery of the ship on time and the benefit that the buyer was going to achieve due to the timely delivery of the tanker. Under these circumstances, the promise to pay extra US $3 million was the enforceable and as a result, this one cannot be recovered by the buyer later on. References Atiyah, P.S. 2000 An Introduction to the Law of Contract, Clarendon Beatson, J. Burrows A. and Cartwright, J. 2010 Anson's Law of Contract, 29th edn OUP Collins, H. 2003, Contract Law in Context 4th edn CUP McKendrick, E. 2009 Contract Law 8th edn Palgrave Peel E and Treitel, G.H. 2011, Treitel on the Law of Contract, 13th edn Sweet and Maxwell Chappell v Nestle [1960] AC 87 Pinnel's Case [1602] 5 Co. Rep. 117 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58 Williams v Roffey Bros and Nicholls Contractors) Ltd (1990) 1 All ER 512